Re-add html5 snippet from https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache .

1 files changed, 909 insertions, 150 deletions

diff --git a/apache2/conf-available/local-html5.conf b/apache2/conf-available/local-html5.conf
index 204473e..cc490bf 100644
--- a/apache2/conf-available/local-html5.conf
+++ b/apache2/conf-available/local-html5.conf
@@ -1,225 +1,984 @@
-# Apache configuration file
-# httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/quickreference.html
+# Apache Server Configs v2.14.0 | MIT License
+# https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache
 
-# Note .htaccess files are an overhead, this logic should be in your Apache config if possible
-# httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/howto/htaccess.html
+# (!) Using `.htaccess` files slows down Apache, therefore, if you have
+# access to the main server configuration file (which is usually called
+# `httpd.conf`), you should add this logic there.
+#
+# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/howto/htaccess.html.
 
-# Techniques in here adapted from all over, including:
-#   Kroc Camen: camendesign.com/.htaccess
-#   perishablepress.com/press/2006/01/10/stupid-htaccess-tricks/
-#   Sample .htaccess file of CMS MODx: modxcms.com
+# ######################################################################
+# # CROSS-ORIGIN                                                       #
+# ######################################################################
 
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# | Cross-origin requests                                              |
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Allow cross-origin requests.
+#
+# https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Access_control_CORS
+# http://enable-cors.org/
+# http://www.w3.org/TR/cors/
 
-###
-### If you run a webserver other than Apache, consider:
-### github.com/paulirish/html5-boilerplate-server-configs
-###
+# <IfModule mod_headers.c>
+#     Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*"
+# </IfModule>
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# | Cross-origin images                                                |
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+# Send the CORS header for images when browsers request it.
+#
+# https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/CORS_enabled_image
+# https://blog.chromium.org/2011/07/using-cross-domain-images-in-webgl-and.html
 
+<IfModule mod_setenvif.c>
+    <IfModule mod_headers.c>
+        <FilesMatch "\.(bmp|cur|gif|ico|jpe?g|png|svgz?|webp)$">
+            SetEnvIf Origin ":" IS_CORS
+            Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*" env=IS_CORS
+        </FilesMatch>
+    </IfModule>
+</IfModule>
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Better website experience for IE users
+# | Cross-origin web fonts                                             |
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-# Force the latest IE version, in various cases when it may fall back to IE7 mode
-#  github.com/rails/rails/commit/123eb25#commitcomment-118920
-# Use ChromeFrame if it's installed for a better experience for the poor IE folk
+# Allow cross-origin access to web fonts.
 
 <IfModule mod_headers.c>
-  Header set X-UA-Compatible "IE=Edge,chrome=1"
-  # mod_headers can't match by content-type, but we don't want to send this header on *everything*...
-  <FilesMatch "\.(js|css|gif|png|jpe?g|pdf|xml|oga|ogg|m4a|ogv|mp4|m4v|webm|svg|svgz|eot|ttf|otf|woff|ico|webp|appcache|manifest|htc|crx|xpi|safariextz|vcf)$" >
-    Header unset X-UA-Compatible
-  </FilesMatch>
+    <FilesMatch "\.(eot|otf|tt[cf]|woff2?)$">
+        Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*"
+    </FilesMatch>
 </IfModule>
 
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# | Cross-origin resource timing                                       |
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Allow cross-origin access to the timing information for all resources.
+#
+# If a resource isn't served with a `Timing-Allow-Origin` header that
+# would allow its timing information to be shared with the document,
+# some of the attributes of the `PerformanceResourceTiming` object will
+# be set to zero.
+#
+# http://www.w3.org/TR/resource-timing/
+# http://www.stevesouders.com/blog/2014/08/21/resource-timing-practical-tips/
+
+# <IfModule mod_headers.c>
+#     Header set Timing-Allow-Origin: "*"
+# </IfModule>
+
+
+# ######################################################################
+# # ERRORS                                                             #
+# ######################################################################
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# | Custom error messages/pages                                        |
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Customize what Apache returns to the client in case of an error.
+# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#errordocument
+
+# ErrorDocument 404 /404.html
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# | Error prevention                                                   |
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Disable the pattern matching based on filenames.
+#
+# This setting prevents Apache from returning a 404 error as the result
+# of a rewrite when the directory with the same name does not exist.
+#
+# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/content-negotiation.html#multiviews
+
+Options -MultiViews
+
+
+# ######################################################################
+# # INTERNET EXPLORER                                                  #
+# ######################################################################
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Proper MIME type for all files
+# | Document modes                                                     |
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+# Force Internet Explorer 8/9/10 to render pages in the highest mode
+# available in the various cases when it may not.
+#
+# https://hsivonen.fi/doctype/#ie8
+#
+# (!) Starting with Internet Explorer 11, document modes are deprecated.
+# If your business still relies on older web apps and services that were
+# designed for older versions of Internet Explorer, you might want to
+# consider enabling `Enterprise Mode` throughout your company.
+#
+# https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/bg182625.aspx#docmode
+# http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2014/04/02/stay-up-to-date-with-enterprise-mode-for-internet-explorer-11.aspx
+
+<IfModule mod_headers.c>
 
-# JavaScript
-#   Normalize to standard type (it's sniffed in IE anyways)
-#   tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4329#section-7.2
-AddType application/javascript         js
+    Header set X-UA-Compatible "IE=edge"
 
-# Audio
-AddType audio/ogg                      oga ogg
-AddType audio/mp4                      m4a
+    # `mod_headers` cannot match based on the content-type, however,
+    # the `X-UA-Compatible` response header should be send only for
+    # HTML documents and not for the other resources.
 
-# Video
-AddType video/ogg                      ogv
-AddType video/mp4                      mp4 m4v
-AddType video/webm                     webm
+    <FilesMatch "\.(appcache|atom|bbaw|bmp|crx|css|cur|eot|f4[abpv]|flv|geojson|gif|htc|ico|jpe?g|js|json(ld)?|m4[av]|manifest|map|mp4|oex|og[agv]|opus|otf|pdf|png|rdf|rss|safariextz|svgz?|swf|topojson|tt[cf]|txt|vcard|vcf|vtt|webapp|web[mp]|webmanifest|woff2?|xloc|xml|xpi)$">
+        Header unset X-UA-Compatible
+    </FilesMatch>
+
+</IfModule>
 
-# SVG.
-#   Required for svg webfonts on iPad
-#   twitter.com/FontSquirrel/status/14855840545
-AddType     image/svg+xml              svg svgz
-AddEncoding gzip                       svgz
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# | Iframes cookies                                                    |
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-# Webfonts
-AddType application/vnd.ms-fontobject  eot
-AddType application/x-font-ttf    ttf ttc
-AddType font/opentype                  otf
-AddType application/x-font-woff        woff
+# Allow cookies to be set from iframes in Internet Explorer.
+#
+# https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms537343.aspx
+# http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/CR-P3P-20001215/
 
-# Assorted types
-AddType image/x-icon                   ico
-AddType image/webp                     webp
-AddType text/cache-manifest            appcache manifest
-AddType text/x-component               htc
-AddType application/x-chrome-extension crx
-AddType application/x-xpinstall        xpi
-AddType application/octet-stream       safariextz
-AddType text/x-vcard                   vcf
+# <IfModule mod_headers.c>
+#     Header set P3P "policyref=\"/w3c/p3p.xml\", CP=\"IDC DSP COR ADM DEVi TAIi PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONi HIS OUR IND CNT\""
+# </IfModule>
 
 
+# ######################################################################
+# # MEDIA TYPES AND CHARACTER ENCODINGS                                #
+# ######################################################################
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Gzip compression
+# | Media types                                                        |
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-<IfModule mod_deflate.c>
+# Serve resources with the proper media types (f.k.a. MIME types).
+#
+# https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/media-types.xhtml
+# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_mime.html#addtype
+
+<IfModule mod_mime.c>
+
+  # Data interchange
+
+    AddType application/atom+xml                        atom
+    AddType application/json                            json map topojson
+    AddType application/ld+json                         jsonld
+    AddType application/rss+xml                         rss
+    AddType application/vnd.geo+json                    geojson
+    AddType application/xml                             rdf xml
+
+
+  # JavaScript
+
+    # Normalize to standard type.
+    # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4329#section-7.2
+
+    AddType application/javascript                      js
+
+
+  # Manifest files
+
+    AddType application/manifest+json                   webmanifest
+    AddType application/x-web-app-manifest+json         webapp
+    AddType text/cache-manifest                         appcache
+
+
+  # Media files
+
+    AddType audio/mp4                                   f4a f4b m4a
+    AddType audio/ogg                                   oga ogg opus
+    AddType image/bmp                                   bmp
+    AddType image/svg+xml                               svg svgz
+    AddType image/webp                                  webp
+    AddType video/mp4                                   f4v f4p m4v mp4
+    AddType video/ogg                                   ogv
+    AddType video/webm                                  webm
+    AddType video/x-flv                                 flv
+
+    # Serving `.ico` image files with a different media type
+    # prevents Internet Explorer from displaying them as images:
+    # https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/commit/37b5fec090d00f38de64b591bcddcb205aadf8ee
+
+    AddType image/x-icon                                cur ico
+
+
+  # Web fonts
+
+    AddType application/font-woff                       woff
+    AddType application/font-woff2                      woff2
+    AddType application/vnd.ms-fontobject               eot
+
+    # Browsers usually ignore the font media types and simply sniff
+    # the bytes to figure out the font type.
+    # https://mimesniff.spec.whatwg.org/#matching-a-font-type-pattern
+    #
+    # However, Blink and WebKit based browsers will show a warning
+    # in the console if the following font types are served with any
+    # other media types.
+
+    AddType application/x-font-ttf                      ttc ttf
+    AddType font/opentype                               otf
+
+
+  # Other
+
+    AddType application/octet-stream                    safariextz
+    AddType application/x-bb-appworld                   bbaw
+    AddType application/x-chrome-extension              crx
+    AddType application/x-opera-extension               oex
+    AddType application/x-xpinstall                     xpi
+    AddType text/vcard                                  vcard vcf
+    AddType text/vnd.rim.location.xloc                  xloc
+    AddType text/vtt                                    vtt
+    AddType text/x-component                            htc
+
+</IfModule>
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# | Character encodings                                                |
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Serve all resources labeled as `text/html` or `text/plain`
+# with the media type `charset` parameter set to `UTF-8`.
+#
+# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#adddefaultcharset
+
+AddDefaultCharset utf-8
+
+# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+
+# Serve the following file types with the media type `charset`
+# parameter set to `UTF-8`.
+#
+# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_mime.html#addcharset
+
+<IfModule mod_mime.c>
+    AddCharset utf-8 .atom \
+                     .bbaw \
+                     .css \
+                     .geojson \
+                     .js \
+                     .json \
+                     .jsonld \
+                     .manifest \
+                     .rdf \
+                     .rss \
+                     .topojson \
+                     .vtt \
+                     .webapp \
+                     .webmanifest \
+                     .xloc \
+                     .xml
+</IfModule>
+
+
+# ######################################################################
+# # REWRITES                                                           #
+# ######################################################################
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# | Rewrite engine                                                     |
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# (1) Turn on the rewrite engine (this is necessary in order for
+#     the `RewriteRule` directives to work).
+#
+#     https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_rewrite.html#RewriteEngine
+#
+# (2) Enable the `FollowSymLinks` option if it isn't already.
+#
+#     https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#options
+#
+# (3) If your web host doesn't allow the `FollowSymlinks` option,
+#     you need to comment it out or remove it, and then uncomment
+#     the `Options +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch` line (4), but be aware
+#     of the performance impact.
+#
+#     https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/misc/perf-tuning.html#symlinks
+#
+# (4) Some cloud hosting services will require you set `RewriteBase`.
+#
+#     https://www.rackspace.com/knowledge_center/frequently-asked-question/why-is-modrewrite-not-working-on-my-site
+#     https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritebase
+#
+# (5) Depending on how your server is set up, you may also need to
+#     use the `RewriteOptions` directive to enable some options for
+#     the rewrite engine.
+#
+#     https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriteoptions
+#
+# (6) Set %{ENV:PROTO} variable, to allow rewrites to redirect with the
+#     appropriate schema automatically (http or https).
+
+<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
+
+    # (1)
+    RewriteEngine On
+
+    # (2)
+    Options +FollowSymlinks
+
+    # (3)
+    # Options +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch
+
+    # (4)
+    # RewriteBase /
+
+    # (5)
+    # RewriteOptions <options>
+
+    # (6)
+    RewriteCond %{HTTPS} =on
+    RewriteRule ^ - [env=proto:https]
+    RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on
+    RewriteRule ^ - [env=proto:http]
 
-# Force deflate for mangled headers developer.yahoo.com/blogs/ydn/posts/2010/12/pushing-beyond-gzipping/
-<IfModule mod_setenvif.c>
-  <IfModule mod_headers.c>
-    SetEnvIfNoCase ^(Accept-EncodXng|X-cept-Encoding|X{15}|~{15}|-{15})$ ^((gzip|deflate)\s*,?\s*)+|[X~-]{4,13}$ HAVE_Accept-Encoding
-    RequestHeader append Accept-Encoding "gzip,deflate" env=HAVE_Accept-Encoding
-  </IfModule>
 </IfModule>
 
-# HTML, TXT, CSS, JavaScript, JSON, XML, HTC:
-<IfModule filter_module>
-  FilterDeclare   COMPRESS
-  FilterProvider  COMPRESS  DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $text/html
-  FilterProvider  COMPRESS  DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $text/css
-  FilterProvider  COMPRESS  DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $text/plain
-  FilterProvider  COMPRESS  DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $text/xml
-  FilterProvider  COMPRESS  DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $text/x-component
-  FilterProvider  COMPRESS  DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $application/javascript
-  FilterProvider  COMPRESS  DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $application/json
-  FilterProvider  COMPRESS  DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $application/xml
-  FilterProvider  COMPRESS  DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $application/xhtml+xml
-  FilterProvider  COMPRESS  DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $application/rss+xml
-  FilterProvider  COMPRESS  DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $application/atom+xml
-  FilterProvider  COMPRESS  DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $application/vnd.ms-fontobject
-  FilterProvider  COMPRESS  DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $image/svg+xml
-  FilterProvider  COMPRESS  DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $image/x-icon
-  FilterProvider  COMPRESS  DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $application/x-font-ttf
-  FilterProvider  COMPRESS  DEFLATE resp=Content-Type $font/opentype
-  FilterChain     COMPRESS
-  FilterProtocol  COMPRESS  DEFLATE change=yes;byteranges=no
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# | Forcing `https://`                                                 |
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Redirect from the `http://` to the `https://` version of the URL.
+# https://wiki.apache.org/httpd/RewriteHTTPToHTTPS
+
+# <IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
+#    RewriteEngine On
+#    RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on
+#    RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://%{HTTP_HOST}/$1 [R=301,L]
+# </IfModule>
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# | Suppressing / Forcing the `www.` at the beginning of URLs          |
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# The same content should never be available under two different
+# URLs, especially not with and without `www.` at the beginning.
+# This can cause SEO problems (duplicate content), and therefore,
+# you should choose one of the alternatives and redirect the other
+# one.
+#
+# By default `Option 1` (no `www.`) is activated.
+# http://no-www.org/faq.php?q=class_b
+#
+# If you would prefer to use `Option 2`, just comment out all the
+# lines from `Option 1` and uncomment the ones from `Option 2`.
+#
+# (!) NEVER USE BOTH RULES AT THE SAME TIME!
+
+# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+
+# Option 1: rewrite www.example.com → example.com
+
+<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
+    RewriteEngine On
+    RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on
+    RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.(.+)$ [NC]
+    RewriteRule ^ %{ENV:PROTO}://%1%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L]
 </IfModule>
 
-<IfModule !mod_filter.c>
-  # Legacy versions of Apache
-  AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html text/plain text/css application/json
-  AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/javascript
-  AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/xml application/xml text/x-component
-  AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/xhtml+xml application/rss+xml application/atom+xml
-  AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE image/x-icon image/svg+xml application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/x-font-ttf font/opentype
+# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+
+# Option 2: rewrite example.com → www.example.com
+#
+# Be aware that the following might not be a good idea if you use "real"
+# subdomains for certain parts of your website.
+
+# <IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
+#     RewriteEngine On
+#     RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on
+#     RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\. [NC]
+#     RewriteCond %{SERVER_ADDR} !=127.0.0.1
+#     RewriteCond %{SERVER_ADDR} !=::1
+#     RewriteRule ^ %{ENV:PROTO}://www.%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L]
+# </IfModule>
+
+
+# ######################################################################
+# # SECURITY                                                           #
+# ######################################################################
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# | Clickjacking                                                       |
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Protect website against clickjacking.
+#
+# The example below sends the `X-Frame-Options` response header with
+# the value `DENY`, informing browsers not to display the content of
+# the web page in any frame.
+#
+# This might not be the best setting for everyone. You should read
+# about the other two possible values the `X-Frame-Options` header
+# field can have: `SAMEORIGIN` and `ALLOW-FROM`.
+# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7034#section-2.1.
+#
+# Keep in mind that while you could send the `X-Frame-Options` header
+# for all of your website’s pages, this has the potential downside that
+# it forbids even non-malicious framing of your content (e.g.: when
+# users visit your website using a Google Image Search results page).
+#
+# Nonetheless, you should ensure that you send the `X-Frame-Options`
+# header for all pages that allow a user to make a state changing
+# operation (e.g: pages that contain one-click purchase links, checkout
+# or bank-transfer confirmation pages, pages that make permanent
+# configuration changes, etc.).
+#
+# Sending the `X-Frame-Options` header can also protect your website
+# against more than just clickjacking attacks:
+# https://cure53.de/xfo-clickjacking.pdf.
+#
+# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7034
+# http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ieinternals/archive/2010/03/30/combating-clickjacking-with-x-frame-options.aspx
+# https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Clickjacking
+
+# <IfModule mod_headers.c>
+
+#     Header set X-Frame-Options "DENY"
+
+#     # `mod_headers` cannot match based on the content-type, however,
+#     # the `X-Frame-Options` response header should be send only for
+#     # HTML documents and not for the other resources.
+
+#     <FilesMatch "\.(appcache|atom|bbaw|bmp|crx|css|cur|eot|f4[abpv]|flv|geojson|gif|htc|ico|jpe?g|js|json(ld)?|m4[av]|manifest|map|mp4|oex|og[agv]|opus|otf|pdf|png|rdf|rss|safariextz|svgz?|swf|topojson|tt[cf]|txt|vcard|vcf|vtt|webapp|web[mp]|webmanifest|woff2?|xloc|xml|xpi)$">
+#         Header unset X-Frame-Options
+#     </FilesMatch>
+
+# </IfModule>
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# | Content Security Policy (CSP)                                      |
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Mitigate the risk of cross-site scripting and other content-injection
+# attacks.
+#
+# This can be done by setting a `Content Security Policy` which
+# whitelists trusted sources of content for your website.
+#
+# The example header below allows ONLY scripts that are loaded from
+# the current website's origin (no inline scripts, no CDN, etc).
+# That almost certainly won't work as-is for your website!
+#
+# To make things easier, you can use an online CSP header generator
+# such as: http://cspisawesome.com/.
+#
+# http://content-security-policy.com/
+# http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/security/content-security-policy/
+# https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-csp/
+
+# <IfModule mod_headers.c>
+
+#     Header set Content-Security-Policy "script-src 'self'; object-src 'self'"
+
+#     # `mod_headers` cannot match based on the content-type, however,
+#     # the `Content-Security-Policy` response header should be send
+#     # only for HTML documents and not for the other resources.
+
+#     <FilesMatch "\.(appcache|atom|bbaw|bmp|crx|css|cur|eot|f4[abpv]|flv|geojson|gif|htc|ico|jpe?g|js|json(ld)?|m4[av]|manifest|map|mp4|oex|og[agv]|opus|otf|pdf|png|rdf|rss|safariextz|svgz?|swf|topojson|tt[cf]|txt|vcard|vcf|vtt|webapp|web[mp]|webmanifest|woff2?|xloc|xml|xpi)$">
+#         Header unset Content-Security-Policy
+#     </FilesMatch>
+
+# </IfModule>
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# | File access                                                        |
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Block access to directories without a default document.
+#
+# You should leave the following uncommented, as you shouldn't allow
+# anyone to surf through every directory on your server (which may
+# includes rather private places such as the CMS's directories).
+
+<IfModule mod_autoindex.c>
+    Options -Indexes
 </IfModule>
+
+# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+
+# Block access to all hidden files and directories with the exception of
+# the visible content from within the `/.well-known/` hidden directory.
+#
+# These types of files usually contain user preferences or the preserved
+# state of an utility, and can include rather private places like, for
+# example, the `.git` or `.svn` directories.
+#
+# The `/.well-known/` directory represents the standard (RFC 5785) path
+# prefix for "well-known locations" (e.g.: `/.well-known/manifest.json`,
+# `/.well-known/keybase.txt`), and therefore, access to its visible
+# content should not be blocked.
+#
+# https://www.mnot.net/blog/2010/04/07/well-known
+# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5785
+
+<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
+    RewriteEngine On
+    RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} "!(^|/)\.well-known/([^./]+./?)+$" [NC]
+    RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} -d [OR]
+    RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} -f
+    RewriteRule "(^|/)\." - [F]
 </IfModule>
 
+# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+
+# Block access to files that can expose sensitive information.
+#
+# By default, block access to backup and source files that may be
+# left by some text editors and can pose a security risk when anyone
+# has access to them.
+#
+# http://feross.org/cmsploit/
+#
+# (!) Update the `<FilesMatch>` regular expression from below to
+# include any files that might end up on your production server and
+# can expose sensitive information about your website. These files may
+# include: configuration files, files that contain metadata about the
+# project (e.g.: project dependencies), build scripts, etc..
+
+<FilesMatch "(^#.*#|\.(bak|conf|dist|fla|in[ci]|log|psd|sh|sql|sw[op])|~)$">
+
+    # Apache < 2.3
+    <IfModule !mod_authz_core.c>
+        Order allow,deny
+        Deny from all
+        Satisfy All
+    </IfModule>
+
+    # Apache ≥ 2.3
+    <IfModule mod_authz_core.c>
+        Require all denied
+    </IfModule>
+
+</FilesMatch>
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# | HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS)                              |
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Force client-side SSL redirection.
+#
+# If a user types `example.com` in their browser, even if the server
+# redirects them to the secure version of the website, that still leaves
+# a window of opportunity (the initial HTTP connection) for an attacker
+# to downgrade or redirect the request.
+#
+# The following header ensures that browser will ONLY connect to your
+# server via HTTPS, regardless of what the users type in the browser's
+# address bar.
+#
+# (!) Remove the `includeSubDomains` optional directive if the website's
+# subdomains are not using HTTPS.
+#
+# http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/security/transport-layer-security/
+# https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-websec-strict-transport-sec-14#section-6.1
+# http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ieinternals/archive/2014/08/18/hsts-strict-transport-security-attacks-mitigations-deployment-https.aspx
+
+# <IfModule mod_headers.c>
+#     Header always set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=16070400; includeSubDomains"
+# </IfModule>
 
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# | Reducing MIME type security risks                                  |
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Prevent some browsers from MIME-sniffing the response.
+#
+# This reduces exposure to drive-by download attacks and cross-origin
+# data leaks, and should be left uncommented, especially if the server
+# is serving user-uploaded content or content that could potentially be
+# treated as executable by the browser.
+#
+# http://www.slideshare.net/hasegawayosuke/owasp-hasegawa
+# http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2008/07/02/ie8-security-part-v-comprehensive-protection.aspx
+# https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/gg622941.aspx
+# https://mimesniff.spec.whatwg.org/
+
+<IfModule mod_headers.c>
+    Header set X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff"
+</IfModule>
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Expires headers (for better cache control)
+# | Reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks                       |
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-# These are pretty far-future expires headers.
-# They assume you control versioning with cachebusting query params like
-#   <script src="application.js?20100608">
-# Additionally, consider that outdated proxies may miscache
-#   www.stevesouders.com/blog/2008/08/23/revving-filenames-dont-use-querystring/
+# (1) Try to re-enable the cross-site scripting (XSS) filter built
+#     into most web browsers.
+#
+#     The filter is usually enabled by default, but in some cases it
+#     may be disabled by the user. However, in Internet Explorer for
+#     example, it can be re-enabled just by sending the
+#     `X-XSS-Protection` header with the value of `1`.
+#
+# (2) Prevent web browsers from rendering the web page if a potential
+#     reflected (a.k.a non-persistent) XSS attack is detected by the
+#     filter.
+#
+#     By default, if the filter is enabled and browsers detect a
+#     reflected XSS attack, they will attempt to block the attack
+#     by making the smallest possible modifications to the returned
+#     web page.
+#
+#     Unfortunately, in some browsers (e.g.: Internet Explorer),
+#     this default behavior may allow the XSS filter to be exploited,
+#     thereby, it's better to inform browsers to prevent the rendering
+#     of the page altogether, instead of attempting to modify it.
+#
+#     https://hackademix.net/2009/11/21/ies-xss-filter-creates-xss-vulnerabilities
+#
+# (!) Do not rely on the XSS filter to prevent XSS attacks! Ensure that
+#     you are taking all possible measures to prevent XSS attacks, the
+#     most obvious being: validating and sanitizing your website's inputs.
+#
+# http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2008/07/02/ie8-security-part-iv-the-xss-filter.aspx
+# http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ieinternals/archive/2011/01/31/controlling-the-internet-explorer-xss-filter-with-the-x-xss-protection-http-header.aspx
+# https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Cross-site_Scripting_%28XSS%29
+
+# <IfModule mod_headers.c>
+
+#     #                           (1)    (2)
+#     Header set X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block"
+
+#     # `mod_headers` cannot match based on the content-type, however,
+#     # the `X-XSS-Protection` response header should be send only for
+#     # HTML documents and not for the other resources.
+
+#     <FilesMatch "\.(appcache|atom|bbaw|bmp|crx|css|cur|eot|f4[abpv]|flv|geojson|gif|htc|ico|jpe?g|js|json(ld)?|m4[av]|manifest|map|mp4|oex|og[agv]|opus|otf|pdf|png|rdf|rss|safariextz|svgz?|swf|topojson|tt[cf]|txt|vcard|vcf|vtt|webapp|web[mp]|webmanifest|woff2?|xloc|xml|xpi)$">
+#         Header unset X-XSS-Protection
+#     </FilesMatch>
+
+# </IfModule>
 
-# If you don't use filenames to version, lower the CSS  and JS to something like
-#   "access plus 1 week" or so.
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# | Server-side technology information                                 |
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-<IfModule mod_expires.c>
-  ExpiresActive on
+# Remove the `X-Powered-By` response header that:
+#
+#  * is set by some frameworks and server-side languages
+#    (e.g.: ASP.NET, PHP), and its value contains information
+#    about them (e.g.: their name, version number)
+#
+#  * doesn't provide any value to users, contributes to header
+#    bloat, and in some cases, the information it provides can
+#    expose vulnerabilities
+#
+# (!) If you can, you should disable the `X-Powered-By` header from the
+# language / framework level (e.g.: for PHP, you can do that by setting
+# `expose_php = off` in `php.ini`)
+#
+# https://php.net/manual/en/ini.core.php#ini.expose-php
+
+<IfModule mod_headers.c>
+    Header unset X-Powered-By
+</IfModule>
 
-# Perhaps better to whitelist expires rules? Perhaps.
-  ExpiresDefault                          "access plus 1 month"
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# | Server software information                                        |
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-# cache.appcache needs re-requests in FF 3.6 (thanks Remy ~Introducing HTML5)
-  ExpiresByType text/cache-manifest       "access plus 0 seconds"
+# Prevent Apache from adding a trailing footer line containing
+# information about the server to the server-generated documents
+# (e.g.: error messages, directory listings, etc.)
+#
+# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#serversignature
 
-# Your document html
-  ExpiresByType text/html                 "access plus 0 seconds"
+ServerSignature Off
 
-# Data
-  ExpiresByType text/xml                  "access plus 0 seconds"
-  ExpiresByType application/xml           "access plus 0 seconds"
-  ExpiresByType application/json          "access plus 0 seconds"
+# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 
-# Feed
-  ExpiresByType application/rss+xml       "access plus 1 hour"
-  ExpiresByType application/atom+xml      "access plus 1 hour"
+# Prevent Apache from sending in the `Server` response header its
+# exact version number, the description of the generic OS-type or
+# information about its compiled-in modules.
+#
+# (!) The `ServerTokens` directive will only work in the main server
+# configuration file, so don't try to enable it in the `.htaccess` file!
+#
+# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#servertokens
 
-# Favicon (cannot be renamed)
-  ExpiresByType image/x-icon              "access plus 1 week"
+#ServerTokens Prod
 
-# Media: images, video, audio
-  ExpiresByType image/gif                 "access plus 1 month"
-  ExpiresByType image/png                 "access plus 1 month"
-  ExpiresByType image/jpg                 "access plus 1 month"
-  ExpiresByType image/jpeg                "access plus 1 month"
-  ExpiresByType video/ogg                 "access plus 1 month"
-  ExpiresByType audio/ogg                 "access plus 1 month"
-  ExpiresByType video/mp4                 "access plus 1 month"
-  ExpiresByType video/webm                "access plus 1 month"
 
-# HTC files  (css3pie)
-  ExpiresByType text/x-component          "access plus 1 month"
+# ######################################################################
+# # WEB PERFORMANCE                                                    #
+# ######################################################################
 
-# Webfonts
-  ExpiresByType application/x-font-ttf    "access plus 1 month"
-  ExpiresByType font/opentype             "access plus 1 month"
-  ExpiresByType application/x-font-woff   "access plus 1 month"
-  ExpiresByType image/svg+xml             "access plus 1 month"
-  ExpiresByType application/vnd.ms-fontobject "access plus 1 month"
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# | Compression                                                        |
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-# CSS and JavaScript
-  ExpiresByType text/css                  "access plus 1 year"
-  ExpiresByType application/javascript    "access plus 1 year"
+<IfModule mod_deflate.c>
 
-  <IfModule mod_headers.c>
-    Header append Cache-Control "public"
-  </IfModule>
+    # Force compression for mangled `Accept-Encoding` request headers
+    # https://developer.yahoo.com/blogs/ydn/pushing-beyond-gzipping-25601.html
+
+    <IfModule mod_setenvif.c>
+        <IfModule mod_headers.c>
+            SetEnvIfNoCase ^(Accept-EncodXng|X-cept-Encoding|X{15}|~{15}|-{15})$ ^((gzip|deflate)\s*,?\s*)+|[X~-]{4,13}$ HAVE_Accept-Encoding
+            RequestHeader append Accept-Encoding "gzip,deflate" env=HAVE_Accept-Encoding
+        </IfModule>
+    </IfModule>
+
+    # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+
+    # Compress all output labeled with one of the following media types.
+    #
+    # (!) For Apache versions below version 2.3.7 you don't need to
+    # enable `mod_filter` and can remove the `<IfModule mod_filter.c>`
+    # and `</IfModule>` lines as `AddOutputFilterByType` is still in
+    # the core directives.
+    #
+    # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_filter.html#addoutputfilterbytype
+
+    <IfModule mod_filter.c>
+        AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE "application/atom+xml" \
+                                      "application/javascript" \
+                                      "application/json" \
+                                      "application/ld+json" \
+                                      "application/manifest+json" \
+                                      "application/rdf+xml" \
+                                      "application/rss+xml" \
+                                      "application/schema+json" \
+                                      "application/vnd.geo+json" \
+                                      "application/vnd.ms-fontobject" \
+                                      "application/x-font-ttf" \
+                                      "application/x-javascript" \
+                                      "application/x-web-app-manifest+json" \
+                                      "application/xhtml+xml" \
+                                      "application/xml" \
+                                      "font/eot" \
+                                      "font/opentype" \
+                                      "image/bmp" \
+                                      "image/svg+xml" \
+                                      "image/vnd.microsoft.icon" \
+                                      "image/x-icon" \
+                                      "text/cache-manifest" \
+                                      "text/css" \
+                                      "text/html" \
+                                      "text/javascript" \
+                                      "text/plain" \
+                                      "text/vcard" \
+                                      "text/vnd.rim.location.xloc" \
+                                      "text/vtt" \
+                                      "text/x-component" \
+                                      "text/x-cross-domain-policy" \
+                                      "text/xml"
+
+    </IfModule>
+
+    # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+
+    # Map the following filename extensions to the specified
+    # encoding type in order to make Apache serve the file types
+    # with the appropriate `Content-Encoding` response header
+    # (do note that this will NOT make Apache compress them!).
+    #
+    # If these files types would be served without an appropriate
+    # `Content-Enable` response header, client applications (e.g.:
+    # browsers) wouldn't know that they first need to uncompress
+    # the response, and thus, wouldn't be able to understand the
+    # content.
+    #
+    # https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_mime.html#addencoding
+
+    <IfModule mod_mime.c>
+        AddEncoding gzip              svgz
+    </IfModule>
 
 </IfModule>
 
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# | Content transformation                                             |
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+# Prevent intermediate caches or proxies (e.g.: such as the ones
+# used by mobile network providers) from modifying the website's
+# content.
+#
+# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616#section-14.9.5
+#
+# (!) If you are using `mod_pagespeed`, please note that setting
+# the `Cache-Control: no-transform` response header will prevent
+# `PageSpeed` from rewriting `HTML` files, and, if the
+# `ModPagespeedDisableRewriteOnNoTransform` directive isn't set
+# to `off`, also from rewriting other resources.
+#
+# https://developers.google.com/speed/pagespeed/module/configuration#notransform
+
+# <IfModule mod_headers.c>
+#     Header merge Cache-Control "no-transform"
+# </IfModule>
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-# ETag removal
+# | ETags                                                              |
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-# FileETag None is not enough for every server.
+# Remove `ETags` as resources are sent with far-future expires headers.
+#
+# https://developer.yahoo.com/performance/rules.html#etags
+# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7232#section-2.3
+
+# `FileETag None` doesn't work in all cases.
 <IfModule mod_headers.c>
-  Header unset ETag
+    Header unset ETag
 </IfModule>
 
-# Since we're sending far-future expires, we don't need ETags for
-# static content.
-#   developer.yahoo.com/performance/rules.html#etags
 FileETag None
 
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# | Expires headers                                                    |
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Serve resources with far-future expires headers.
+#
+# (!) If you don't control versioning with filename-based
+# cache busting, you should consider lowering the cache times
+# to something like one week.
+#
+# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_expires.html
+
+<IfModule mod_expires.c>
+
+    ExpiresActive on
+    ExpiresDefault                                      "access plus 1 month"
+
+  # CSS
+
+    ExpiresByType text/css                              "access plus 1 year"
+
+
+  # Data interchange
+
+    ExpiresByType application/atom+xml                  "access plus 1 hour"
+    ExpiresByType application/rdf+xml                   "access plus 1 hour"
+    ExpiresByType application/rss+xml                   "access plus 1 hour"
+
+    ExpiresByType application/json                      "access plus 0 seconds"
+    ExpiresByType application/ld+json                   "access plus 0 seconds"
+    ExpiresByType application/schema+json               "access plus 0 seconds"
+    ExpiresByType application/vnd.geo+json              "access plus 0 seconds"
+    ExpiresByType application/xml                       "access plus 0 seconds"
+    ExpiresByType text/xml                              "access plus 0 seconds"
+
+
+  # Favicon (cannot be renamed!) and cursor images
+
+    ExpiresByType image/vnd.microsoft.icon              "access plus 1 week"
+    ExpiresByType image/x-icon                          "access plus 1 week"
+
+  # HTML
+
+    ExpiresByType text/html                             "access plus 0 seconds"
+
+
+  # JavaScript
+
+    ExpiresByType application/javascript                "access plus 1 year"
+    ExpiresByType application/x-javascript              "access plus 1 year"
+    ExpiresByType text/javascript                       "access plus 1 year"
 
 
+  # Manifest files
+
+    ExpiresByType application/manifest+json             "access plus 1 week"
+    ExpiresByType application/x-web-app-manifest+json   "access plus 0 seconds"
+    ExpiresByType text/cache-manifest                   "access plus 0 seconds"
+
+
+  # Media files
+
+    ExpiresByType audio/ogg                             "access plus 1 month"
+    ExpiresByType image/bmp                             "access plus 1 month"
+    ExpiresByType image/gif                             "access plus 1 month"
+    ExpiresByType image/jpeg                            "access plus 1 month"
+    ExpiresByType image/png                             "access plus 1 month"
+    ExpiresByType image/svg+xml                         "access plus 1 month"
+    ExpiresByType image/webp                            "access plus 1 month"
+    ExpiresByType video/mp4                             "access plus 1 month"
+    ExpiresByType video/ogg                             "access plus 1 month"
+    ExpiresByType video/webm                            "access plus 1 month"
+
+
+  # Web fonts
+
+    # Embedded OpenType (EOT)
+    ExpiresByType application/vnd.ms-fontobject         "access plus 1 month"
+    ExpiresByType font/eot                              "access plus 1 month"
+
+    # OpenType
+    ExpiresByType font/opentype                         "access plus 1 month"
+
+    # TrueType
+    ExpiresByType application/x-font-ttf                "access plus 1 month"
+
+    # Web Open Font Format (WOFF) 1.0
+    ExpiresByType application/font-woff                 "access plus 1 month"
+    ExpiresByType application/x-font-woff               "access plus 1 month"
+    ExpiresByType font/woff                             "access plus 1 month"
+
+    # Web Open Font Format (WOFF) 2.0
+    ExpiresByType application/font-woff2                "access plus 1 month"
+
+
+  # Other
+
+    ExpiresByType text/x-cross-domain-policy            "access plus 1 week"
+
+</IfModule>
+
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Stop screen flicker in IE on CSS rollovers
+# | File concatenation                                                 |
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-# The following directives stop screen flicker in IE on CSS rollovers - in
-# combination with the "ExpiresByType" rules for images (see above). If
-# needed, un-comment the following rules.
+# Allow concatenation from within specific files.
+#
+# e.g.:
+#
+#   If you have the following lines in a file called, for
+#   example, `main.combined.js`:
+#
+#       <!--#include file="js/jquery.js" -->
+#       <!--#include file="js/jquery.timer.js" -->
+#
+#   Apache will replace those lines with the content of the
+#   specified files.
+
+# <IfModule mod_include.c>
+#     <FilesMatch "\.combined\.js$">
+#         Options +Includes
+#         AddOutputFilterByType INCLUDES application/javascript \
+#                                        application/x-javascript \
+#                                        text/javascript
+#         SetOutputFilter INCLUDES
+#     </FilesMatch>
+#     <FilesMatch "\.combined\.css$">
+#         Options +Includes
+#         AddOutputFilterByType INCLUDES text/css
+#         SetOutputFilter INCLUDES
+#     </FilesMatch>
+# </IfModule>
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# | Filename-based cache busting                                       |
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-# BrowserMatch "MSIE" brokenvary=1
-# BrowserMatch "Mozilla/4.[0-9]{2}" brokenvary=1
-# BrowserMatch "Opera" !brokenvary
-# SetEnvIf brokenvary 1 force-no-vary
+# If you're not using a build process to manage your filename version
+# revving, you might want to consider enabling the following directives
+# to route all requests such as `/style.12345.css` to `/style.css`.
+#
+# To understand why this is important and even a better solution than
+# using something like `*.css?v231`, please see:
+# http://www.stevesouders.com/blog/2008/08/23/revving-filenames-dont-use-querystring/
+
+# <IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
+#     RewriteEngine On
+#     RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
+#     RewriteRule ^(.+)\.(\d+)\.(bmp|css|cur|gif|ico|jpe?g|js|png|svgz?|webp|webmanifest)$ $1.$3 [L]
+# </IfModule>