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| -rw-r--r-- | spec.txt | 680 |
1 files changed, 341 insertions, 339 deletions
@@ -478,6 +478,347 @@ bar For security reasons, the Unicode character `U+0000` must be replaced with the REPLACEMENT CHARACTER (`U+FFFD`). + +## Backslash escapes + +Any ASCII punctuation character may be backslash-escaped: + +```````````````````````````````` example +\!\"\#\$\%\&\'\(\)\*\+\,\-\.\/\:\;\<\=\>\?\@\[\\\]\^\_\`\{\|\}\~ +. +<p>!"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\]^_`{|}~</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Backslashes before other characters are treated as literal +backslashes: + +```````````````````````````````` example +\→\A\a\ \3\φ\« +. +<p>\→\A\a\ \3\φ\«</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Escaped characters are treated as regular characters and do +not have their usual Markdown meanings: + +```````````````````````````````` example +\*not emphasized* +\<br/> not a tag +\[not a link](/foo) +\`not code` +1\. not a list +\* not a list +\# not a heading +\[foo]: /url "not a reference" +\ö not a character entity +. +<p>*not emphasized* +<br/> not a tag +[not a link](/foo) +`not code` +1. not a list +* not a list +# not a heading +[foo]: /url "not a reference" +&ouml; not a character entity</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +If a backslash is itself escaped, the following character is not: + +```````````````````````````````` example +\\*emphasis* +. +<p>\<em>emphasis</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A backslash at the end of the line is a [hard line break]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo\ +bar +. +<p>foo<br /> +bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Backslash escapes do not work in code blocks, code spans, autolinks, or +raw HTML: + +```````````````````````````````` example +`` \[\` `` +. +<p><code>\[\`</code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + \[\] +. +<pre><code>\[\] +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +~~~ +\[\] +~~~ +. +<pre><code>\[\] +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<http://example.com?find=\*> +. +<p><a href="http://example.com?find=%5C*">http://example.com?find=\*</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +<a href="/bar\/)"> +. +<a href="/bar\/)"> +```````````````````````````````` + + +But they work in all other contexts, including URLs and link titles, +link references, and [info strings] in [fenced code blocks]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo](/bar\* "ti\*tle") +. +<p><a href="/bar*" title="ti*tle">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo] + +[foo]: /bar\* "ti\*tle" +. +<p><a href="/bar*" title="ti*tle">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` foo\+bar +foo +``` +. +<pre><code class="language-foo+bar">foo +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +## Entity and numeric character references + +Valid HTML entity references and numeric character references +can be used in place of the corresponding Unicode character, +with the following exceptions: + +- Entity and character references are not recognized in code + blocks and code spans. + +- Entity and character references cannot stand in place of + special characters that define structural elements in + CommonMark. For example, although `*` can be used + in place of a literal `*` character, `*` cannot replace + `*` in emphasis delimiters, bullet list markers, or thematic + breaks. + +Conforming CommonMark parsers need not store information about +whether a particular character was represented in the source +using a Unicode character or an entity reference. + +[Entity references](@) consist of `&` + any of the valid +HTML5 entity names + `;`. The +document <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/entities.json> +is used as an authoritative source for the valid entity +references and their corresponding code points. + +```````````````````````````````` example + & © Æ Ď +¾ ℋ ⅆ +∲ ≧̸ +. +<p> & © Æ Ď +¾ ℋ ⅆ +∲ ≧̸</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +[Decimal numeric character +references](@) +consist of `&#` + a string of 1--7 arabic digits + `;`. A +numeric character reference is parsed as the corresponding +Unicode character. Invalid Unicode code points will be replaced by +the REPLACEMENT CHARACTER (`U+FFFD`). For security reasons, +the code point `U+0000` will also be replaced by `U+FFFD`. + +```````````````````````````````` example +# Ӓ Ϡ � +. +<p># Ӓ Ϡ �</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +[Hexadecimal numeric character +references](@) consist of `&#` + +either `X` or `x` + a string of 1-6 hexadecimal digits + `;`. +They too are parsed as the corresponding Unicode character (this +time specified with a hexadecimal numeral instead of decimal). + +```````````````````````````````` example +" ആ ಫ +. +<p>" ആ ಫ</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Here are some nonentities: + +```````````````````````````````` example +  &x; &#; &#x; +� +&#abcdef0; +&ThisIsNotDefined; &hi?; +. +<p>&nbsp &x; &#; &#x; +&#87654321; +&#abcdef0; +&ThisIsNotDefined; &hi?;</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Although HTML5 does accept some entity references +without a trailing semicolon (such as `©`), these are not +recognized here, because it makes the grammar too ambiguous: + +```````````````````````````````` example +© +. +<p>&copy</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Strings that are not on the list of HTML5 named entities are not +recognized as entity references either: + +```````````````````````````````` example +&MadeUpEntity; +. +<p>&MadeUpEntity;</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Entity and numeric character references are recognized in any +context besides code spans or code blocks, including +URLs, [link titles], and [fenced code block][] [info strings]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +<a href="öö.html"> +. +<a href="öö.html"> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo](/föö "föö") +. +<p><a href="/f%C3%B6%C3%B6" title="föö">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[foo] + +[foo]: /föö "föö" +. +<p><a href="/f%C3%B6%C3%B6" title="föö">foo</a></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` föö +foo +``` +. +<pre><code class="language-föö">foo +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Entity and numeric character references are treated as literal +text in code spans and code blocks: + +```````````````````````````````` example +`föö` +. +<p><code>f&ouml;&ouml;</code></p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + föfö +. +<pre><code>f&ouml;f&ouml; +</code></pre> +```````````````````````````````` + + +Entity and numeric character references cannot be used +in place of symbols indicating structure in CommonMark +documents. + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo* +*foo* +. +<p>*foo* +<em>foo</em></p> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +* foo + +* foo +. +<p>* foo</p> +<ul> +<li>foo</li> +</ul> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo bar +. +<p>foo + +bar</p> +```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +	foo +. +<p>→foo</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +[a](url "tit") +. +<p>[a](url "tit")</p> +```````````````````````````````` + + + # Blocks and inlines We can think of a document as a sequence of @@ -5506,345 +5847,6 @@ Thus, for example, in backtick. -## Backslash escapes - -Any ASCII punctuation character may be backslash-escaped: - -```````````````````````````````` example -\!\"\#\$\%\&\'\(\)\*\+\,\-\.\/\:\;\<\=\>\?\@\[\\\]\^\_\`\{\|\}\~ -. -<p>!"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\]^_`{|}~</p> -```````````````````````````````` - - -Backslashes before other characters are treated as literal -backslashes: - -```````````````````````````````` example -\→\A\a\ \3\φ\« -. -<p>\→\A\a\ \3\φ\«</p> -```````````````````````````````` - - -Escaped characters are treated as regular characters and do -not have their usual Markdown meanings: - -```````````````````````````````` example -\*not emphasized* -\<br/> not a tag -\[not a link](/foo) -\`not code` -1\. not a list -\* not a list -\# not a heading -\[foo]: /url "not a reference" -\ö not a character entity -. -<p>*not emphasized* -<br/> not a tag -[not a link](/foo) -`not code` -1. not a list -* not a list -# not a heading -[foo]: /url "not a reference" -&ouml; not a character entity</p> -```````````````````````````````` - - -If a backslash is itself escaped, the following character is not: - -```````````````````````````````` example -\\*emphasis* -. -<p>\<em>emphasis</em></p> -```````````````````````````````` - - -A backslash at the end of the line is a [hard line break]: - -```````````````````````````````` example -foo\ -bar -. -<p>foo<br /> -bar</p> -```````````````````````````````` - - -Backslash escapes do not work in code blocks, code spans, autolinks, or -raw HTML: - -```````````````````````````````` example -`` \[\` `` -. -<p><code>\[\`</code></p> -```````````````````````````````` - - -```````````````````````````````` example - \[\] -. -<pre><code>\[\] -</code></pre> -```````````````````````````````` - - -```````````````````````````````` example -~~~ -\[\] -~~~ -. -<pre><code>\[\] -</code></pre> -```````````````````````````````` - - -```````````````````````````````` example -<http://example.com?find=\*> -. -<p><a href="http://example.com?find=%5C*">http://example.com?find=\*</a></p> -```````````````````````````````` - - -```````````````````````````````` example -<a href="/bar\/)"> -. -<a href="/bar\/)"> -```````````````````````````````` - - -But they work in all other contexts, including URLs and link titles, -link references, and [info strings] in [fenced code blocks]: - -```````````````````````````````` example -[foo](/bar\* "ti\*tle") -. -<p><a href="/bar*" title="ti*tle">foo</a></p> -```````````````````````````````` - - -```````````````````````````````` example -[foo] - -[foo]: /bar\* "ti\*tle" -. -<p><a href="/bar*" title="ti*tle">foo</a></p> -```````````````````````````````` - - -```````````````````````````````` example -``` foo\+bar -foo -``` -. -<pre><code class="language-foo+bar">foo -</code></pre> -```````````````````````````````` - - - -## Entity and numeric character references - -Valid HTML entity references and numeric character references -can be used in place of the corresponding Unicode character, -with the following exceptions: - -- Entity and character references are not recognized in code - blocks and code spans. - -- Entity and character references cannot stand in place of - special characters that define structural elements in - CommonMark. For example, although `*` can be used - in place of a literal `*` character, `*` cannot replace - `*` in emphasis delimiters, bullet list markers, or thematic - breaks. - -Conforming CommonMark parsers need not store information about -whether a particular character was represented in the source -using a Unicode character or an entity reference. - -[Entity references](@) consist of `&` + any of the valid -HTML5 entity names + `;`. The -document <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/entities.json> -is used as an authoritative source for the valid entity -references and their corresponding code points. - -```````````````````````````````` example - & © Æ Ď -¾ ℋ ⅆ -∲ ≧̸ -. -<p> & © Æ Ď -¾ ℋ ⅆ -∲ ≧̸</p> -```````````````````````````````` - - -[Decimal numeric character -references](@) -consist of `&#` + a string of 1--7 arabic digits + `;`. A -numeric character reference is parsed as the corresponding -Unicode character. Invalid Unicode code points will be replaced by -the REPLACEMENT CHARACTER (`U+FFFD`). For security reasons, -the code point `U+0000` will also be replaced by `U+FFFD`. - -```````````````````````````````` example -# Ӓ Ϡ � -. -<p># Ӓ Ϡ �</p> -```````````````````````````````` - - -[Hexadecimal numeric character -references](@) consist of `&#` + -either `X` or `x` + a string of 1-6 hexadecimal digits + `;`. -They too are parsed as the corresponding Unicode character (this -time specified with a hexadecimal numeral instead of decimal). - -```````````````````````````````` example -" ആ ಫ -. -<p>" ആ ಫ</p> -```````````````````````````````` - - -Here are some nonentities: - -```````````````````````````````` example -  &x; &#; &#x; -� -&#abcdef0; -&ThisIsNotDefined; &hi?; -. -<p>&nbsp &x; &#; &#x; -&#87654321; -&#abcdef0; -&ThisIsNotDefined; &hi?;</p> -```````````````````````````````` - - -Although HTML5 does accept some entity references -without a trailing semicolon (such as `©`), these are not -recognized here, because it makes the grammar too ambiguous: - -```````````````````````````````` example -© -. -<p>&copy</p> -```````````````````````````````` - - -Strings that are not on the list of HTML5 named entities are not -recognized as entity references either: - -```````````````````````````````` example -&MadeUpEntity; -. -<p>&MadeUpEntity;</p> -```````````````````````````````` - - -Entity and numeric character references are recognized in any -context besides code spans or code blocks, including -URLs, [link titles], and [fenced code block][] [info strings]: - -```````````````````````````````` example -<a href="öö.html"> -. -<a href="öö.html"> -```````````````````````````````` - - -```````````````````````````````` example -[foo](/föö "föö") -. -<p><a href="/f%C3%B6%C3%B6" title="föö">foo</a></p> -```````````````````````````````` - - -```````````````````````````````` example -[foo] - -[foo]: /föö "föö" -. -<p><a href="/f%C3%B6%C3%B6" title="föö">foo</a></p> -```````````````````````````````` - - -```````````````````````````````` example -``` föö -foo -``` -. -<pre><code class="language-föö">foo -</code></pre> -```````````````````````````````` - - -Entity and numeric character references are treated as literal -text in code spans and code blocks: - -```````````````````````````````` example -`föö` -. -<p><code>f&ouml;&ouml;</code></p> -```````````````````````````````` - - -```````````````````````````````` example - föfö -. -<pre><code>f&ouml;f&ouml; -</code></pre> -```````````````````````````````` - - -Entity and numeric character references cannot be used -in place of symbols indicating structure in CommonMark -documents. - -```````````````````````````````` example -*foo* -*foo* -. -<p>*foo* -<em>foo</em></p> -```````````````````````````````` - -```````````````````````````````` example -* foo - -* foo -. -<p>* foo</p> -<ul> -<li>foo</li> -</ul> -```````````````````````````````` - -```````````````````````````````` example -foo bar -. -<p>foo - -bar</p> -```````````````````````````````` - -```````````````````````````````` example -	foo -. -<p>→foo</p> -```````````````````````````````` - - -```````````````````````````````` example -[a](url "tit") -. -<p>[a](url "tit")</p> -```````````````````````````````` - ## Code spans |