#!/bin/sh
# Copyright © 2010-2014 Jonas Smedegaard <dr@jones.dk>
# Description: Recode a video into web-optimized format(s)
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
# any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
# General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
#
# Depends: libav-tools melt mediainfo
#
# TODO:
#  * Offer to skip rendering again if an output file exist already.
#  * Support --width and --height, resolving the other part from input
#    or forced aspect ratio.
#  * Drop $melt_recent flag when melt 0.9.2 is stable.
#  * Check and fail if all needed tools are not available.
#  * Test if beneficial to apply real_time=-2.
#  * Normalize each infile separately when xml fed as infile keeps sync.
#    Maybe as workaround re-feed audio separately from xml, as done at
#    <http://bernaerts.dyndns.org/linux/74-ubuntu/214-ubuntu-stabilize-video-melt>.
#  * Resolve flash player to use.

set -e

PRG=$(basename "$0")

showhelp() {
	cat <<EOF
Usage: $PRG [OPTION...] [--] [ARG=VALUE...] INPUTFILE... [ARG=VALUE...]
Encode video file in multiple web-optimized formats, and provide sample
html favoring open formats with optional non-JavaScript Flash fallback.

  --video           Video style:
                                   ref-bpp
                      talkinghead    0.1
                      action         0.15
                    (default: none)
  -p, --profile     Video frame size and optional rate, delimited by @
                    except "p" labels: e.g. 848x480@25 480p25 wvga@25
  -s, --size        Set video frame size:
                    [modulus 16]
                         320x240 qvga
                         640x480 vga          480p  848x480 wvga
                                              576p 1024x576 wsvga
                        1024x768 xga       hd 720p 1280x720 wxga
                    [modulus 8]
                                              240p  424x240 wqvga
                         480x360 hvga     nhd 360p  640x360
                         800x600 svga
                    (default: use input size)
  -a, --aspect      Display Aspect Ratio in melt format: e.g. @16/9
                    (default: no aspect hinting)
  -r, --rate        Video framerate: e.g. 25 1001/30000
                    (default: use input framerate)
  --refbpp          Bitrate reference: Bits-per-pixel for 360p30 H.264
                    (default: 0.12)
  --formats         Containers and codecs to use, comma-separated:
                                 [container] [video codec] [audio codec]
                      theora ogg    Ogg         Theora        Vorbis
                      vp8 webm      WebM        VP8           Vorbis
                      vp9           WebM        VP9           Opus
                      h264 mp4      MPEG-4      H.264         AAC
                    (default: webm,vp9,mp4)
  --audio           Audio style:
                             [channels] [limit] [Vorbis]  [Opus]   [AAC]
                      music    max 2              64k    64k audio  96k
                      hqspeech     1              48k    32k voip   64k
                      speech       1       X      48k    32k voip   64k
                      silence      0
                    (default: none - use channel count of first input)
  --audioprefilter  Add audio filter before loudness
  --loudness        Add EBU R128 loudness filter
  --loudness-data   Add loudness filter, with precomputed results
                    (default: none - compute results on-the-fly)
  --filter          Add filter
  --stem            Stem of output filenames, optionally with path
                    (default: basename of first input)
  -t, --title       Title used in html fallback graphics
                    (default: stem)
  --sample          Create only a 150 frames long sample
  --sample-start    Create sample, starting at a specific frame
                    (default: start at first frame)
  --sample-length   Create sample of specified length, in frames
                    (default: 150 frames i.e. approx. 5s)
  --compression     Optimize for quality or speed: normal dirty hq
                    (default: normal)
  -h, --help        This help text

Examples:
  $PRG -s qvga -t "Funny guy" intro.dv myvideo.dv
  $PRG -p 480p15 --filter "grain noise=20" myvideo.dv

Recommendations for best results:
  * Use square pixels, modulus 16, max. 480 width (qvga vga 480p 720p).
  * Try lower --ref-bpp while visually acceptable, or raise to max. 0.2.
  * Expand and compress noisy speech with ladspa.1075 and ladspa.1916.

More info:
<http://camendesign.com/code/video_for_everybody>
<http://www.streaminglearningcenter.com/articles/configuring-your-streaming-video-(for-newbies).html>
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5_video>
<http://www.penguinproducer.com/2012/01/ladspa-noise-removal/>
<http://theproaudiofiles.com/mixing-vocals-dynamics-compression-limiting>
<http://www.internetmarketingnotes.com/2010/07/free-embeddable-flash-video-flv-players-for-commercial-use/>
EOF
}

exit1() {
	response="${1:+Error: }${1:-Internal error!}"
	echo >&2 "$response"
	exit 1
}

# defaults
formats=webm,vp9,mp4
samplestart=0
samplelength=150
compression=normal
# VP8 is rumored to compress ~20% worse than H.264
factor_vp8=120/100
# VP9 compresses natural video ~27% worse than H.264 (i.e. excluding animation)
# <http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/200925/files/article-vp9-submited-v2.pdf>
factor_vp9=127/100

# parse cmdline options
TEMP="`getopt -s sh -o hp:s:a:r:b:t: -l help,profile:,size:,aspect:,rate:,video:,refbpp:,formats:,audio:,audioprefilter:,loudness,loudness-data:,filter:,stem:,title:,sample,sample-start:,sample-length:,compression: -n "$PRG" -- "$@"`" || exit1 "Internal getopt error."
eval set -- "$TEMP"
while true ; do
	case "$1" in
	    -h|--help) showhelp; exit;;
	    -p|--profile) profile="$2"; shift 2;;
	    -s|--size) size="$2"; shift 2;;
	    -a|--aspect) aspect="$2"; shift 2;;
	    -r|--rate) framerate="$2"; shift 2;;
	    --video) video="$2"; shift 2;;
	    --refbpp) refbpp="$2"; shift 2;;
	    --formats) formats="$2"; shift 2;;
	    --audio) audio="$2"; shift 2;;
	    --audioprefilter) audioprefilters="${audioprefilters:+$audioprefilters }-filter $2"; shift 2;;
	    --loudness) loudness=yes; shift;;
	    --loudness-data) loudness=yes; loudness_data="$2"; shift 2;;
	    --filter) filters="${filters:+$filters }-filter $2"; shift 2;;
	    --stem) stem="$2"; shift 2;;
	    -t|--title) title="$2"; shift 2;;
	    --sample) sample=yes; shift;;
	    --sample-start) sample=yes; samplestart="$2"; shift 2;;
	    --sample-length) sample=yes; samplelength="$2"; shift 2;;
	    --compression) compression="$2"; shift 2;;
	    --) shift; break;;
	    *) exit1 "Internal error resolving options.";;
	esac
done

# Resolve if melt is version 0.9.2 or newer
melt_recent=$(melt -query filter=loudness | grep -qi R128 && echo yes)

# sanitize infiles
infiles=$*
infile_first=$(perl -e 'print shift @ARGV' $infiles)
[ -e "$infile_first" ] || exit1 "Cannot read first input file \"$infile_first\"!"

# resolve stem and title (if not explicitly set)
stem=${stem:-$(basename "$infile_first" | perl -pe 's/\.[^.]*//')}
title=${title:-$stem}

# resolve quality/speed hints
multipass=yes
speedpreset_h264=medium
crf_vp8=10
crf_vp9=10
crf_h264=23
qscale_theora=5
cpu_vp8=3
cpu_vp9=5
case "$compression" in
    normal) :;;
    dirty)
	multipass=
	speedpreset_h264=veryfast
	crf_vp8=0
	crf_vp9=0
	qscale_theora=3
	cpu_vp8=5
	;;
    hq)
	speedpreset_h264=veryslow
	crf_vp8=10
	crf_vp9=10
	qscale_theora=6
	cpu_vp8=0
	cpu_vp9=1
	;;
    *) exit1 "Unknown compression optimization \"$video\".";;
esac


# parse/resolve size and framerate
case "$profile" in
    '') :;;
    *@*)
	while read s r foo; do
		profilesize="${size:-$s}"
		framerate="${framerate:-$r}"
	done << EOF
$(echo "$profile" | perl -F@ -anE 'say join " ", @F')
EOF
	;;
    *p*)
	while read s r foo; do
		profilesize="${size:-${s}p}"
		framerate="${framerate:-$r}"
	done << EOF
$(echo "$profile" | perl -Fp -anE 'say join " ", @F')
EOF
	;;
    *)
	profilesize="$profile"
	;;
esac
size=${size:-$profilesize}
case "$size" in
    qvga) size=320x240;;
    hvga) size=480x360;;
    vga) size=640x480;;
    svga) size=800x600;;
    xga) size=1024x768;;
    240p|wqvga) size=424x240;;
    360p|nhd) size=640x360;;
    480p|wvga) size=848x480;;
    576p|wsvga) size=1024x576;;
    720p|wxga|hd) size=1280x720;;
esac
if [ -n "$size" ]; then
	while read w h foo; do
		width="${width:-$w}"
		height="${height:-$h}"
	done << EOF
$(echo "$size" | perl -Fx -anE 'say join " ", @F')
EOF
	if [ -z "$width" ] || [ -z "$height" ]; then
		exit1 "Failed to parse size \"$size\"."
	fi
fi
case "$framerate" in
    */*)
	while read n d foo; do
		framerate_num="${framerate_num:-$n}"
		framerate_den="${framerate_den:-$d}"
	done << EOF
$(echo "$framerate" | perl -F/ -anE 'say join " ", @F')
EOF
	;;
    ?*)
	framerate_num="$framerate"
	framerate_den=1
	;;
esac

# resolve input size and framerate (needed for computing bitrate)
while read w h r foo; do
	width_in="${width_in:-$w}"
	height_in="${height_in:-$h}"
	framerate_in="${framerate_in:-$r}"
done << EOF
$(mediainfo --Inform="Video;%Width% %Height% %FrameRate%" "$infile_first")
EOF

case "$video" in
    talkinghead)
	refbpp="${refbpp:-0.1}"
	x264tune=film
	;;
    action)
	refbpp="${refbpp:-0.15}"
	x264tune=film
	;;
    '')
	refbpp="${refbpp:-0.12}"
	;;
    *) exit1 "Unknown video style \"$video\".";;
esac

for format in $(echo "$formats" | sed -e 's/,/ /g'); do
	case $format in
	    theora|ogg) ogg=yes;;
	    h264|mp4) mp4=yes;;
	    vp8|webm) webm=yes;;
	    vp9) vp9=yes;;
	    *) exit1 "Unknown format \"$format\".";;
	esac
done

_width="${width:-$width_in}"
_height="${height:-$height_in}"

if [ -n "$_width" ] && [ -n "$_height" ]; then
	_pixels="$(($_width*$_height))"
fi
_frames="${framerate:-$framerate_in}"

webmpreset=360p
if [ -n "$_pixels" ] && [ $_pixels -ge $((1024*768)) ]; then
	webmpreset=720p
	if [ -n "$_frames" ] && [ $_frames -gt 40 ]; then
		webmpreset=720p50_60
	fi
fi

# compute average bitrate from reference data and "power of .75" rule
bitrate_vp8="$bitrate"
bitrate_vp9="$bitrate"
if [ -n "$_pixels" ] && [ -n "$_frames" ]; then
	bitrate=$(perl -E '$refsize=640*360;' \
		-E "say int( +(($_pixels/\$refsize)**0.75*\$refsize*$_frames*$refbpp) )")
	bitrate_vp8=$(perl -E "say int( +($bitrate*$factor_vp8) )") #"
	bitrate_vp9=$(perl -E "say int( +($bitrate*$factor_vp9) )") #"
fi

# default per-codec-channel bitrates
bitrate_vorbis=64
bitrate_opus=64
bitrate_aac=96

channels=-1
maxchannels=2
case "$audio" in
    music)
	opusapp=audio
	;;
    hqspeech)
	channels=1
	bitrate_vorbis=48
	bitrate_opus=32
	bitrate_aac=64
	opusapp=voip
	;;
    speech)
	channels=1
	bitrate_vorbis=48
	bitrate_opus=32
	bitrate_aac=64
	compress=yes
	[ -z "$melt_recent" ] || _melt_loudness="$loudness_data"
	limit=yes
	opusapp=voip
	;;
    silence)
	channels=0
	;;
    '')
	:
	;;
    *) exit1 "Unknown audio style \"$audio\".";;
esac
[ $channels -ge 0 ] || channels=$(avprobe -v warning -show_streams "$infile_first" | perl -ne 's/channels=// and print $_' || echo -1)
[ $channels -le $maxchannels ] || channels=$maxchannels
[ $channels -gt 0 ] || channels=

melt="melt -progress"
_melt_sample="$infile_first ${sample:+in=${samplestart:-0} out=$((${samplestart:-0} + samplelength))}"
_melt_video="progressive=1${framerate:+ frame_rate_num="$framerate_num" frame_rate_den="$framerate_den"}${size:+ s=${width:+$width}x${height:+$height}}${aspect:+ aspect=$aspect}"
_melt_ogg="$_melt_video f=ogg vcodec=libtheora${bitrate:+ vb=$bitrate} qscale=$qscale_theora"
_melt_webm="$_melt_video f=webm vcodec=libvpx vpreset=libvpx-$webmpreset${bitrate_vp8:+ vb=$bitrate_vp8 minrate=$((bitrate_vp8/20)) maxrate=$((bitrate_vp8*12))} crf=$crf_vp8 cpu-used=$cpu_vp8"
# CRF ignored with libvpx 1.3
_melt_vp9="$_melt_video f=webm vcodec=libvpx-vp9 vpreset=libvpx-$webmpreset${bitrate_vp9:+ vb=$bitrate_vp9 minrate=$((bitrate_vp9/20)) maxrate=$((bitrate_vp9*12))} crf=$crf_vp9 cpu-used=$cpu_vp9"
_melt_h264="$_melt_video f=mp4 vcodec=libx264 vpreset=$speedpreset_h264 vprofile=baseline${x264tune:+ tune=$x264tune} threads=0 movflags=+faststart crf=$crf_h264"
_melt_audio="${channels:+ac=$channels}"
# limit (i.e. avoid peaks "clipping")
_melt_postfilters_audio="${limit:+-filter ladspa.1077}"
_melt_vorbis="$_melt_audio acodec=libvorbis${channels:+ ab=$(($channels*$bitrate_vorbis))k}"
_melt_opus="$_melt_audio acodec=libopus${channels:+ ab=$(($channels*$bitrate_opus))k}${opusapp:+ application=$opusapp}"
_melt_aac="$_melt_audio acodec=aac${channels:+ ab=$(($channels*$bitrate_aac))k}"
_melt_img="$_melt_video f=image2"

avconv="avconv -threads auto -y -v warning"
_avconv_vp8="-c:v libvpx -pre:v libvpx-$webmpreset${bitrate_vp8:+ -b:v $bitrate_vp8 -minrate $((bitrate_vp8/20)) -maxrate $((bitrate_vp8*12))} -crf $crf_vp8 -cpu-used $cpu_vp8"
_avconv_vp9="-c:v libvpx-vp9 -pre:v libvpx-$webmpreset${bitrate_vp9:+ -b:v $bitrate_vp9 -minrate $((bitrate_vp9/20)) -maxrate $((bitrate_vp9*12))} -crf $crf_vp9 -cpu-used $cpu_vp9"

# resolve EBU R128 audio normalizing
if [ -n "$loudness" ] && [ -z "$_melt_loudness" ]; then
	echo "Analyzing loudness data..."
	$melt ${_melt_sample:-$infiles} $audioprefilters -filter loudness -consumer xml:$stem.xml $_melt_audio video_off=1 all=1
	_melt_loudness="$(perl -ne 'm!<property name="results">([^<]+)</property>! and print $1' $stem.xml)"
	echo "Loudness data: $_melt_loudness"
fi

if [ -n "$multipass" ] && [ -n "$webm$vp9" ]; then
	echo "Analyzing complexity for WebM..."
	$melt ${_melt_sample:-$infiles} $filters \
		-consumer avformat:pipe:1 $_melt_video f=yuv4mpegpipe pix_fmt=yuv420p an=1 audio_off=1 \
		| $avconv -i pipe:0 \
		${webm:+-f rawvideo $_avconv_vp8 -an -pass 1 -passlogfile ${stem}_vp8 /dev/null} \
		${vp9:+-f rawvideo $_avconv_vp9 -an -pass 1 -passlogfile ${stem}_vp9 /dev/null}
	[ -z "$webm" ] || mv -f ${stem}_vp8-*.log ${stem}_vp8_2pass.log
	[ -z "$vp9" ] || mv -f ${stem}_vp9-*.log ${stem}_vp9_2pass.log
fi

echo "Encoding video..."
$melt ${_melt_sample:-$infiles} \
	${channels:+$audioprefilters${_melt_loudness:+ -filter loudness results="$_melt_loudness"}} \
	$filters${channels:+ $_melt_postfilters_audio} \
	${ogg:+-consumer avformat:$stem.ogv $_melt_ogg $_melt_vorbis} \
	${webm:+-consumer avformat:$stem.webm $_melt_webm${multipass:+ pass=2 passlogfile=${stem}_vp8} $_melt_vorbis} \
	${vp9:+-consumer avformat:${stem}_vp9.webm${multipass:+ pass=2 passlogfile=${stem}_vp9} $_melt_vp9 $_melt_opus} \
	${mp4:+-consumer avformat:$stem.mp4 $_melt_h264 $_melt_aac}

if [ -n "$mp4" ] && [ -z "$melt_recent" ]; then
	mv "$stem.mp4" "$stem.mp4"~
	qt-faststart "$stem.mp4"~ "$stem.mp4"
	[ -f "$stem.mp4" ] && rm "$stem.mp4"~ || mv -f "$stem.mp4"~ "$stem.mp4"
fi

# cleanup audio normalize hinting
rm -f $stem.xml

# JPEG preview
$melt $infile_first in=0 out=0 \
	-group $filters \
	-consumer avformat:$stem.jpg $_melt_img

__width="${_width:+ width=\"$_width\"}"
__height="${_height:+ height=\"$_height\"}"
# Flash object needs extra space for controllers
__heightplus=${_height:+ height=\"$(($_height+4))\"}
_source_ogg="<source src=\"$stem.ogv\" type=\"video/ogg\" />"
_source_webm="<source src=\"$stem.webm\" type=\"video/webm\" />"
_source_vp9="<source src=\"${stem}_vp9.webm\" type='video/ogg; codecs=\"vp9, opus\"' />"
_source_mp4="<source src=\"$stem.mp4\" type=\"video/mp4\" />"
[ -z "$flashplayer" ] || flash=yes
[ -n "$mp4" ] || [ -z "$flash" ] || error1 "Cannot enable flash when mp4 format is disabled."
_object_flash="<object$__width$__heightplus type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" data=\"$flashplayer.swf\">"
_param_name="<param name=\"movie\" value=\"$flashplayer.swf\" />"
_param_flashvars="<param name=\"flashvars\" value=\"image=$stem.jpg&amp;file=$stem.mp4\" />"
__oggfile=${ogg:+open format <a href=\"$stem.ogv\">Ogg</a>}
__webmfile=${webm:+open format <a href=\"$stem.webm\">WebM (VP8)</a>}
__vp9file=${vp9:+open format <a href=\"${stem}_vp9.webm\">WebM (VP9/Opus)</a>}
__mp4file=${mp4:+closed format <a href=\"$stem.mp4\">MPEG-4</a>}

cat >"$stem.html" <<EOF
<!-- Video for Everybody, Kroc Camen of Camen Design -->
<video$__width$__height preload controls>
${mp4:+$_source_mp4
}${vp9:+$_source_vp9
}${webm:+$_source_webm
}${ogg:+$_source_ogg
}${flash:+$_object_flash
$_param_name
$_param_flashvars
}<img src="$stem.jpg"$__width$__height alt="$title"
 title="No video playback capabilities, please download the video below" />
${flash:+</object>
}</video>
<p><strong>Download Video:</strong><ul>
${vp9:+<li>$__vp9file
}${webm:+<li>$__webmfile
}${ogg:+<li>$__oggfile
}${mp4:+<li>$__mp4file
}</ul></p>
EOF